As a composer, he was best known for his virtuosic salon pieces for solo piano, which included a grand sonata in F minor, twelve études, and various caprices, impromptus, waltzes, and mazurkas.
Schulhoff was born in Prague, where he began studying piano with Siegfried Kisch and Ignaz Amadeus Tedesco and also trained in music theory with Václav Tomášek.
Moving to Paris shortly afterwards, he met Frédéric Chopin, who encouraged him in his bid to become an established professional pianist.
The concerts that Schulhoff gave at Chopin's suggestion were greeted with such acclaim that he embarked on a long tour through France and to London, continuing his travels through Spain (1851) and Russia (1853).
He continued as a piano teacher when he settled in Dresden in 1870 and later moved to Berlin in 1897.