Jurisdictional dualism in France

This dual system allows for a clear separation of powers and specialized handling of cases related to the actions of the government.

In the case of the judiciary order, codes are established by the legislature and open to all,[a] but as administrative law is result of jursprudence and uncodified, it is not discussed in Parliament, not published in the Journal Officiel, and hidden from the public.

Courts of the administrative order have jurisdiction when a "public person" (not a human, but a personne publique) is involved, for example, a municipality or a government department.

This division was based on the idea of separating the judicial and administrative branches of government in order to prevent conflicts of interest and ensure a fair and impartial justice system.

The Conseil d'Etat issued decisions and opinions on legal disputes, which helped to establish a body of administrative law that governed the relationship between individuals and the state.

Additionally, the Conseil d'Etat was responsible for advising the king on legal matters, which further solidified its role as the main administrative court.

After the French Revolution, the Conseil d'Etat was abolished and replaced with a new court system that was based on separation of powers.