[1] Cossacks often took part in raids and campaigns against the Ottoman Empire, Crimean Khanate and Nogai Horde, with the desire to acquire loot, captives and deterring the Tatar raids.

Zaporozhian Cossacks were the most active in their raids and campaigns into Crimea in the 1660s and 1670s under command of Ivan Sirko.

[2] Italian Dominican missionary d’Ascoli noted the brutality of Cossack activities, describing the process of Cossacks capturing cities, which was accompanied by looting, massacres and enslavement of the population.

[5] When the campaign begun, he ravaged through Eastern Crimea with his 2,000 Cossacks and reached Kaffa city, where Crimean lord Shirin Bey lived.

After Cossacks captured Kaffa, they plundered the city, taking property, herd and other possessions with them.