[1] It forms near the city of Kipushi, passes through the south of Lubumbashi and then runs eastward through the Kafubu health zone to the border with Zambia where it joins the Luapula River.

[4] In 2002 and 2003 World Bank consultants at SNC-Lavalin International studied 32 copper and cobalt mining sites in Katanga.

[5] They found that waste from the Luiswishi cobalt mine being processed Kipushi in was discharged into the Kafubu River and surrounding fields.

A sample of the waste showed high levels of arsenic, cadmium, copper, lead and zinc.

[6] In July 2015 the rural health zone recorded a case of poliovirus derived from the vaccine strain (VDPV) type 2.