The Kaingang people are an Indigenous Brazilian ethnic group spread out over the three southern Brazilian states of Paraná, Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul and the southeastern state of São Paulo.

It has been stated that the Kaingang rarely live long in one place causing them to move a lot, but some sources, such as Juracilda Veiga[3] and ethnographic registers (José Francisco Tomás do Nascimento 1886, Telêmaco Borba 1908 etc.

), indicate that Kaingang groups have a crucial relation with the land where they were born and their ancestors were buried.

In November 2006 Brazil's state-owned power company, Copel, agreed to compensate the group 6.5 million dollars for operating a small hydro plant in the Apucaraninha Reservation.

This is part of a larger trend of indigenous groups challenging energy projects according to Platts.