It completely surrounds the Cambodian capital of Phnom Penh and borders the provinces of Kampong Speu and Takéo to the west, Kampong Chhnang and Kampong Cham to the north, Prey Veng to the east, and shares an international border with Vietnam (An Giang and Đồng Tháp) or Kampuchea Krom (Meat Chrouk and Phsar Dek) to the south.

[3] Its capital and largest city is Ta Khmau, which is approximately eight kilometres (5.0 mi) south of central Phnom Penh.

The province consists of the typical plain wet area, covering rice fields and other agricultural plantations.

[5] Kandal province serves as an economic belt of the capital Phnom Penh.

Major products include palm oil, peanuts, rice, and pepper.

In addition to farming and fishing, the province also supports thriving cottage industries that specialize in wood carving, silk, and handicrafts.