Karl Scherffer (9 November 1716 – 24 July 1783) was an Austrian Jesuit mathematician and natural scientist.
He promoted the mathematical works of Leonhard Euler and the natural philosophy of Roger Joseph Boscovich.
In 1757 Roger Boscovich was in Vienna dealing with a border dispute between Lucca and Tuscany.
He spent time with Scherffer and left him a manuscript of Philosophiae naturalis theoria.
Scherffer and Boscovich also communicated on matters of astronomical angular measurement and improvements to telescopes.