The festival is associated with Shaivism, is celebrated to commemorate the origin of Kartikeya, the Hindu god of war, and Shiva's manifestation as Jyotirlinga.

One of the earliest references to the festival is found in the Tamil anthology Akanaṉūṟu, dating back to the Sangam period (200 BCE to 300 CE).

[2] According to the Kanda Puranam, three asuras (a race of celestial beings) Surapadman, Tarakasuran, and Singamukhan performed austerities to propitiate god Shiva.

[3] They subsequently started a reign of tyranny in their respective realms which forced the celestial beings devas to plead with Shiva for his assistance.

[19] The oil lamps are considered auspicious symbols and is believed to ward off evil forces, and usher in prosperity and joy.

[21][22] In Hindu temples, special pujas are performed and a lamp cauldron is usually lit to commemorate the festival.

[23] In Tiruvannamalai, the festival is marked by the lighting of a large ghee lamp atop the Arunachala hill.

[19][24] Millions of devotees participate in the car festival of Arunachalesvara Temple at Tiruvannamalai and circumambulate the hill.