Despite his lineage and the promising start at Battle of Shizugatake, Katsumoto's rise under Toyotomi Hideyoshi was relatively slow compared to his fellow "seven spears", which included Katō Kiyomasa and Fukushima Masanori.

After the Sekigahara campaign in 1600, he was with Toyotomi Hideyori, the only son and heir of Hideyoshi, Katsumoto sought to negotiate a compromise with Ieyasu, Toyotomi clan lost most of his territory which was under management of a 'western daimyō', and Hideyori was degraded to an ordinary daimyō, not a ruler of Japan.

Katsumoto died only 20 days after the fall of the Osaka castle for unknown reasons, though the rumour of seppuku was rife.

Although his own lineage died out later in the seventeenth century, Katsumoto's younger brother and his family maintained Katagiri's name and its standing as a daimyō.

In Tsubouchi Shōyō's play Kiri-hitoha, which describes the fall of the house of Toyotomi, Katsumoto, the main character, is a faithful servant with good intentions and keen sense of reality but rendered powerless caught in the whirlwind of dynastic struggle.