Kath kuni architecture
It also goes by other names such as kath-kona, kath-ki-kanni in Sarahan region It is a traditional technique that uses alternating layers of wood and stone masonry, held in place without using mortar.
The relative isolation of the hills, and demanding weather have fostered development and persistence of this distinctive vernacular cator and cribbage architecture style.
[3] The houses, markets and streets in a village are arranged around a primary focal point, usually a temple with adjoining open spaces.
[2] Deodar/Kali wood which is an endemic species to the western Himalayas and one of the strongest of Indian conifers, is used in the wall, flooring and roofing members.
Loose in-fill material is packed as a filler and the external and internal skins of the wall are held together by cross braces or dovetail (maanvi).
[2] The indigenous buildings of Himachal Pradesh reflect a remarkable understanding about appropriate use of local materials, construction techniques and joinery details that stand strong against the climatic and seismic forces of nature.
[2] The building is oriented such that the longer facade faces South, to maximize low angle solar gain during winters.
The houses are also oriented such that the longer side faces the valley and backs the mountains, which makes them less susceptible to seismic forces.
[4] The stone plinth rises above ground level provides strength to the superstructure, protects from groundwater and dampens the seismic forces.
The double skinned cavity wall with an air gap is filled with small pieces of stone that act as thermal insulation keeping the indoors warm in winters and cool in summers.
The nail-less framework without rivets and a non-rigid construction allows the building to flex with the seismic waves and effectively dissipates the forces.
Grains, vegetables, bedding, clothing and other household items are stored in advance specially for the winter when accessibility is low.
The local masons knowledge of the terrain, available natural resources and climate played a vital role in the longevity of these traditional structures.
The indoor layout designed according to function and prevailing climatic conditions stands the test of time and provides adequate thermal comfort for the occupants.
A sustainable development is the result of the design philosophy which focuses on increasing the efficiency of resources used like energy, water, and materials, while reducing the impact of buildings on human and the environment.
