It included the territories of Kazan, Perm, Vyatka, Penza, Simbirsk, Saratov, Samara and Astrakhan provinces.
In 1881, it included the territory of the abolished Orenburg military district.
The Astrakhan, Ural and Orenburg Cossack troops were subordinate to the command of the district.
The Kazan Military District was formed a second time directly after the Second World War on July 9, 1945.
The territory of the district included the Kirov region, as well as the Tatar, Udmurt, Mari and Chuvash ASSRs.