Kazem Radjavi (Persian: کاظم رجوی) (8 February 1934 – 24 April 1990) was an Iranian university professor known for his work as a human rights advocate.

[10] Although Dr Rajavi had been threatened more than once by Islamic Republic agents, he had continued his work that led to the UN General Assembly and Human Rights Committee to condemn Iran for making violations.

Also the European Parliament issued a statement condemning the Islamic Republic "both for the assassination and the continuous violations of human rights inside and outside the country".

Two months after the assassination, Swiss security agencies made the assumption that Iranian officials holding "service passports" were responsible for the murder.

[21] In November 1992, two of the suspects, Mohsen Sharif Esfahani and Ahmad Taheri, were arrested in France, and in February, the high court in Paris ruled that the two men should be extradited to Switzerland.

[25] The decision of the Swiss prosecutor's office was strongly protested by the National Council of Resistance of Iran which issued a statement condemning it, and demanded that the case be kept open.

[27][28] In a letter to the Deputy Attorney General of the Swiss Confederation, Vaud Canton's Prosecutor suggested that the assassination of Prof. Kazem Rajavi should be investigated as a case of crime against humanity and not just as a typical homicide.