Twardowski studied philosophy at the University of Vienna with Franz Brentano and Robert von Zimmermann.

[2] In 1894 Twardowski published a book, entitled Zur Lehre vom Inhalt und Gegenstand der Vorstellungen, Eine psychologische Untersuchung (On the Doctrine of the Content and Object of Presentations).

In 1895 was appointed professor at Lwów (Lemberg in Austrian Galicia, now Lviv in Ukraine).

[4][5] Among his students were the logicians Stanisław Leśniewski, Jan Łukasiewicz and Tadeusz Czeżowski, the psychologist Władysław Witwicki, the historian of philosophy Władysław Tatarkiewicz, the phenomenologist and aesthetician Roman Ingarden, as well as philosophers close to the Vienna Circle such as Tadeusz Kotarbiński and Kazimierz Ajdukiewicz.

Twardowski also established the Polish Philosophical Society in 1904, the first laboratory of experimental psychology in Poland in 1907, and the journal Ruch Filozoficzny in 1911.

According to him the mind is divided in two main areas: acts or mental phenomena, and a physical phenomenon.