[1][2] Chogyal Phuntsog Namgyal appointed 12 Kalons or ministers from the Bhutia community and split his kingdom into 12 Dzongs or administrative units, which each contained a fort.
The two Newar trade families of Lachhimidas Pradhan and Chandrabir Maskey from princely estates of Kathmandu were given land as a contract or ‘’thika’’.
[4][5] In 1867, Newar trader Lachhimidas Pradhan was the first Nepalese to be given territories in East and South Sikkim by Khangsa Dewan and Phudong Lama by issuing a Sanad(ordinance).
His brother Chandrabir Pradhan(Kasaju) was given Rhenock, Mamring, Pache Khani, and Taja along with a joint supervision of Dilding and parts of Pendam.
[6][7] British Political Officer to Sikkim John Claude White introduced several administrative changes from 1888 onwards until in 1890, land estates was created with 70 Elakhas given to various landlord on lease.
Out of Sikkim's 104 revenue estates, 61 were leased to Kazis and thikadars for fixed sums, five were given to monasteries and fifteen retained by the Chogyal for his private use.
[15] After British introduced changes in administration of Sikkim in 1890, the role of Kazis and Thikadars largely replaced Dzongpens(District officers) as main agents of the government at regional level.
The feudal landlords of Sikkim could punish peasants with then prevalent system of forced labour practices such as Kalo Bhari, Jharlangi and Kurwa.