Born in Amsterdam, Woudenberg became a carpenter, and in 1901 he joined the De Zaaier, a newly-formed union for young workers.
[1][2] Woudenberg was a member of the Social Democratic Workers' Party (SDAP), and in 1924 became the president of its Amsterdam section, also winning election to the city council.
In contrast, his brother, Henk Woudenberg, was an enthusiastic Nazi supporter and was appointed to lead the trade union movement.
Kees spent the remainder of the war travelling around the country, maintaining links between SDAP supporters.
[1] At the end of World War II, the SDAP was re-established, and Woudenberg continued as its secretary and treasurer.