Kenyon cells are the intrinsic neurons of the mushroom body,[1] a neuropil found in the brains of most arthropods and some annelids.
Kenyon cells have dendritic branches that arborize in the calyx or calyces, cup-shaped regions of the mushroom body.
At the end of the pedunculus, Kenyon cell axons bifurcate and extend branches into the vertical and medial lobes.
[1] Where a Kenyon cell sends its dendrites in the calyces and which lobes it projects its axons to varies based on its birth-order.
[6] The cAMP signaling cascade, especially protein kinase A, must function properly in Kenyon cells for learning and memory to occur.
[7] Experiments in locusts have shown that Kenyon cells have their activity synchronized to 20-Hz neural oscillations and are particularly responsive to projection neuron spikes at specific phases of the oscillatory cycle.