Khabarovsk Oblast (Russian: Хабаровская область) was an administrative division (an oblast) of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic which existed between 1934 and 1939.

The oblast was located in the eastern part of the Russian Far East, and its territory is currently divided between Khabarovsk and Primorsky Krais.

Khabarovsk Oblast was created as part of the Far Eastern Krai by a resolution of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee (VTsIK) on 22 July 1934, with its seat in the city of Khabarovsk.

The oblast had a population of 264,000 in 1934 and included an area of 224,850 square kilometres (86,820 sq mi).

The oblast was abolished by a decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic on 26 May, with its districts directly administered by Khabarovsk Krai.