As a member of the Free Officers Movement, he participated in the toppling of King Farouk that began the Egyptian Revolution of 1952, and led to the establishment of the Republic of Egypt.

Mohieddine held important political and media roles throughout Gamal Abdel Nasser's presidency, although the two also had a number of fallings out.

Mohieddine was born in Kafr Shukr (Qalyubia) Lower Egypt in 1922 to a well-off family that owned sizeable landholdings in the Nile Delta area.

[8] By the spring of 1952, the Free Officers devised an operational command to depose King Farouk, with Mohieddine responsible for the armored corps.

[11] At the advice of his cousin and fellow RCC member, Zakaria Mohieddine, Khaled dropped out of sight for a few days after the protest, returning to Cairo on March 5.

[6] With Nasser officially assuming the presidency and the end of the Suez Crisis in 1956, Mohieddine returned to Egypt and took a leading role in the government,[14] being put in charge of the evening Al Messa' newspaper which he founded.

[2] On March 8, 1959, an Arab nationalist rebellion broke out in Mosul, Iraq, with the intent of deposing the anti-Nasser and pro-Communist president Abdel Karim Qasim.

[15] In April 1965, after Nasser began taking a more pro-Soviet stance on domestic affairs, Mohieddine was appointed secretary of the Arab Socialist Union's (ASU) Press Committee.

[2] Because of his politics, Mohieddine was imprisoned for two months in the 1971 Corrective Revolution launched by Anwar Sadat who became president after Nasser's death the year before.

[13] Within the ASU, Kamal Rifaat and he soon took leadership of the leftist platform that later evolved into the National Progressive Union Party (also referred to as "Taggamu") in 1976.