The compound operates using only the nickel content as the active redox species while the structure inhibits charge compensation by oxygen evolution.
[10] NMC technology has been incorporated into multiple batteries types around the world including those that powered GM's Chevy Volt and Bolt.
● One of the instabilities of NMC cathodes involves the redox activity of the highly charged cations at the surface against the solvent molecules of the organic electrolyte.
In 2012 Amine and Prof Yang Kook Sun from Hanyang University, [16][17] reported an improvement over the standard NMC cathode by devising a synthetic strategy that slightly orders the constituent cations to create a gradient structure that allows for the surface to be less reactive than the bulk.
An advanced version of the NMC cathode technology allows for a wide range of formulations and compositions[18] to be created across each particle to increase both energy and stability at high voltage.