Khalil Ibrahim (Arabic: خليل إبراهيم; 1957 – 22 or 24 December 2011) was a Sudanese insurgent leader who was the founder of the Justice and Equality Movement (JEM) which he led until his death.

Ibrahim went on to serve as the state minister for social affairs in Blue Nile in 1997 before a post as adviser to the governor of Southern Sudan in Juba in 1998.

In December 1999, when al-Bashir sidelined al-Turabi with the help of Ali Osman Taha, Ibrahim was in the Netherlands, studying for a master's degree in public health at Universiteit Maastricht.

The dissidents, dubbing themselves "The Seekers of Truth and Justice" published the Black Book in 2000, claiming Riverine Arabs [clarification needed] dominated political power and resources.

Ibrahim lived in exile in Libya from May 2010 to September 2011, when the Libyan civil war compelled him to flee across the Sahara and return to Darfur.