Khilok (Russian: Хилок, IPA: [xʲɪˈlok]; Buryat: Хёолго, Khyoolgo; Mongolian: Хилго, Khilgo) is a town and the administrative center of Khiloksky District in Zabaykalsky Krai, Russia, located on the Khilok River, a right-hand tributary of the Selenga, 261 kilometers (162 mi) west of Chita, the administrative center of the krai.

[10] Cossack expeditions had explored the region since the middle of the 17th century; however, the large populations of Buryats and Evenks deterred the Cossacks from founding a permanent settlement.

Peter the Great granted wide autonomy to the local princes, and the region was not colonized by Russians until the end of the 19th century when the construction of the Trans-Siberian Railway began.

The modern settlement of Khilok was founded in 1895 as a works base around the newly constructed railway station at the Khilok River, the river's name deriving from an Evenk word meaning whetstone.

[citation needed] The local section of the Trans-Siberian Railway opened in 1900.