Khosro Roozbeh (Persian: خسرو روزبه) (24 August 1915 – 11 May 1958) was an Iranian military officer, mathematician, writer on political and cultural affairs and the chief of military branch of the Communist Tudeh Party of Iran and has been called "probably the most controversial as well as the best-known martyr of the communist movement in Iran".

He entered the army and excelled at the military academy, won a teaching post at the Officers' College, impressing both students and his superior.

[4] According to the British Embassy in Iran, Roozbeh was a Red Pimpernel, who in a series of disguises walked into and out of innumerable baited police traps with the swashbuckling courage that made him a figure of legendary proportions, both to the Party, the security authorities, and the general public.

In his memoirs, Ovanessian praises Roozbeh as a sincere but impatient radical in need of a firm hand [6] Writing in another book, Ervand Abrahamian describes him as being "contemptuous" of the Tudeh party "for being too `moderate`," and resigning from it at the time of the trial and "not rejoined until the early 1950s.

The night before his execution, Roozbeh composed a seventy-page testament to condemn capitalism to praise socialism, and to explain why he was willing to die for the "great revolutionary cause" of the Tudeh party.