[4] After 1953 coup d'état took place, he was forced into an exile that lasted from 1954 to 1979, when the Iranian revolution happened.

[1] Following his return to Iran, Qashqai regularly met with CIA officers in Tehran.

Instead, the urged Qashqai to continue 'full-scale political activity' and strengthening his ties to various players in order to gather intelligence and influencing them.

[5][6] Qashqai was arrested after the 1980 presidential election, when the Muslim Student Followers of the Imam's Line released documents regarding his involvement with the Americans.

He escaped from prison and fled to Fars province to organize armed tribesmen for an insurgency.