The area enjoys a warm maritime climate with hot, humid summers and mild, cool winters, and is subject to frequent fogs.

Shizuoka Prefecture Per Japanese census data,[2] the population of Kikugawa has been relatively steady over the past 30 years.

Kikugawa Station on the Tōkaidō Main Line train between Shizuoka and Hamamatsu opened on April 16, 1889 leading to an influx of population and development.

Kikugawa has a mayor-council form of government with a directly elected mayor and a unicameral city legislature of 17 members.

The economy of Kikugawa is primarily agricultural, with major crops including green tea, lettuce, blueberries, cantelope and aloe.