These include the theories of Olga Lepeshinskaya, head of Soviet medicine under Joseph Stalin, to which Chishima extensively referred.
It advocates for the belief in the spontaneous generation of microbes and asserts that tissue elements can differentiate and retro-differentiate based purely on environmental conditions.
Chishima also rejected the chromosome theory of heredity, embracing a form of Lamarckism similar to Lysenkoite biologists in Russia.
The spiritual aspect of Chishima's work stemmed from his desire to reconcile the contradictions between Eastern and Western medicine.
[3] Neo-haematology, based on theories and ideas that have been largely discredited, is considered pseudoscience by both contemporary and historical standards.