List of rulers in Wales

This is a list of rulers in Wales (Welsh: Cymru; and neighbouring regions) during the Middle Ages, between c. 400s–1500s.

These former territories are now within the boundaries of modern-day Wales and the neighbouring Welsh Marches in England (both in the United Kingdom).

Boundary changes and the custom of dividing patrimonies between heirs meant that few princes ever came close to ruling the whole of Wales.

Petty kingdoms, such as Ceredigion and Gwent, were established some time after Britain ceased to be part of the Roman empire in the late 5th century.

Unlike the others, Deheubarth was formed later by the merging of Ceredigion, Dyfed, and Ystrad Tywi.

Of the major kingdoms, Powys' 13th century division of Wenwynwyn and Fadog were one of the final surviving Welsh dynasties until after the Edwardian conquest of Wales.

Legendary descendants of Vortigern The former petty Kingdom of Pengwern, today located in the Midlands, possibly around the Wrekin, England.

[142] The three Royal Houses of Wales' regions were first divided by Rhodri the Great in the 9th century.

[194] The vassal Lordship of Merioneth (Meirionnydd) from Gwynedd, also Lords of Eifionydd and Ardudwy.

[197][181][198] Lords of Oswestry (Shropshire, England), from Powys, prior to Baronetcy of Cymmer-yn-Edeirnion (English feudal barony).

[149][176][205] The region of Rhwng Gwy a Hafren (Radnorshire) between the Rivers Wye and Severn, ruled by Lords.

[214][215][216] The territory of the Principality included the Kingdoms of Gwynedd, Deheubarth, and Powys, and also the areas of Ceredigion (Cardigan) and Carmarthenshire.