[4] Kurakas were simply the heads of an ayllu, a group of families with the same common ancestor or place of origin (Paqarina), that could differ significantly in size and territory.

Similarly, there was also the title of hatun kuraka ("great lord") with the same implication, which was still in use during the Inca Empire to refer to the heads of larger provinces, as was the case with the Huancas who got divided into three.

Among his works are the construction of terraces and the importation of enormous quantities of soil to improve the fertility of the valley,[8] as well as a war clash against the large Ayarmaca chiefdom.

[9] His successor, Lloque Yupanqui (c. 1260 – c. 1290), continued the war against the Ayarmaca chiefdom, taking advantage of the opportunity offered by the death of their leader, Tocay Capac, in combat.

This heavily diminished the Ayarmacas' capability to pose a threat to the Incas for a long time, which allowed him to conquer the territory of the Maras people.

Lloque Yupanqui was an astute man, who knew how to maintain good relations with Cusco's neighbour chiefdoms and ayllus in order to secure his territory and avoid unnecessary conflict.

Satisfied with the victory and having achieved the consolidation of his power around Cusco, Mayta Capac prepared his army for an expedition towards the Cunti people, to the southwest; but he died due to disease before his departure.

Tarco Huaman was placed in charge of his father's panaca, and would eventually be sent as a governor by the new Sapa Inca to ensure the payment of "1000 bird cages from the Andes and the puna grasslands" as tribute in the newly annexed Cuyos ayllu.

[13] Capac Yupanqui (c. 1320 – c. 1350) inherited a Cusco under the direct interest of his larger neighbours -now competitors- as it was no longer a small invader chiefdom struggling for survival, but one fighting to gain power.

[3] Due to the political turmoil in the capital, several ayllus rebelled against the new government, among them the Mascas whose chief, Cusi Huaman, was a sympathizer of the Hurin dynasty; the uprising had no effect and after a bloody battle he was jailed in Cusco.

[3][b] After these events, Inca Roca led an expedition through Quiquijana and conquered the town of Caytomarca, which he would eventually lose due to leaving no garrison behind.

Probably confident in their victories until then, they weren't prepared for the sudden attack by the forces of Inca Roca, who recruited mercenaries from the Canas and Canchis independent chiefdoms,[15] making them flee all the way back to Andahuaylas.

Many years later, he rearmed his army and led another expedition that headed northeast to the Paucartambo River, conquering the surrounding towns but not passing through the "ceja de selva" (highland jungle), these were the first coca chacras that the Incas had.

Mama Micay turned out to be the former fiancée of Tocay Capac, leader of the Ayarmaca chiefdom, who upon hearing the news declared war on the Huallacan ayllus.

After some years of conflict, both parties agreed to peace on the condition that the young Titu Cusi Huallpa had to be handed over to the Ayarmaca nation, for which the Huallacan people invited the boy with the excuse of visiting his mother's land and recognizing him as the future heir.

Meanwhile, Inca Roca didn't dare to attack and rescue his son for fear that he would be killed in retaliation, the boy would remain within the Ayarmaca chiefdom for a year, until Chimor Orma, wife of Tocay Capac and daughter of the chief of Anta, became fond of him and decided to escape together with her relatives.

[19] During this period of time there were no incidents with the Ayarmacas thanks to his marriage with Mama Chiquia, who ended up becoming the Coya, and whom with he had his sons Paucar Ayllu and Pahuac Huallpa Mayta, the latter became his successor despite being the youngest between both.

They planned to ambush the young prince in the town of Paulo, and so sent an invitation, to which his father agreed, but had his son be accompanied by 40 Rinriyuq (Inca noblemen) as bodyguards with the order to kill anyone who posed a threat to him.

[20] Despite the precautions, both were killed in the ambush, and so Yahuar Huaca ordered the razing of the town of Paulo, capital of the Huallacan people,[18] banishing some and massacring many others.

[20] After this tragic incident, the Sapa Inca prepared his army for an expedition towards the Collasuyo, for which most of his confederate chiefdoms and ayllus lent themselves, attracted by the promise of making the war with "blood and fire",[21] his project was interrupted by an uprising of the Cunti peoples, who were pressured by the mandatory mitas in favor of the nobility and fearing that the triumph of Cusco would increase their power.

The rebels could have sacked the city, but stopped due to a thunderstorm that fell unexpectedly, believing it a providential omen and probably fearing retaliation from the Cusco army, they all returned to their lands.

This uprising in Cusco's vicinity served as an opportunity for the Muyna and Pinagua chiefdoms to revolt once again, this time with support from the people of Rondocancha and Casacancha, who in turn were followed by attacks from Ayarmacas and Guaypomarcas.

When the battle began, both sides hurled stones at each other across the river using slings, accompanied by loud shouts as in most conflicts, and continued for two days straight.

Then one night, Viracocha ordered a stone to be heated over a fire, wrapped in a certain mixture or piece of cloth and put into a sling with golden threads.

As the people left their houses, an old woman claimed to have witnessed the stone fall from the sky, believing it to be a sign of divine retribution for their rebellious actions.

Despite this, Viracocha remained uneasy and decided to resolve the threat by permanently appointing the Willaq Umu himself, still choosing individuals from the Hurin dynasty but ensuring their loyalty beforehand.

[28] According to Guaman Poma, he also wanted to "burn all the idols and huacas", but Mama Runtu prevented this by telling him that he would die if he broke the laws of his ancestors.

[30] Once the order was restored, his government was focused on the construction of new homes, increasing the number of chacras, enlarging the molle and quinual groves,[31] and the manufacturing of textiles, necessary products that he needed to compensate the services of his warriors and servants, in which he took great care so that the costumes of the nobility had tocapus.

Meanwhile, their Canas neighbours were peacefully annexed, for which he ordered the construction of a temple dedicated to the god Viracocha and arranged for them to provide the Incas with supplies in the town of Ayaviri.

Unconcerned with the feelings of his wife, the Coya, he spent his days with whichever women he desired, whether they were from low social status, young yanaconas, or even mamaconas.To the wives of the noblemen he found attractive he would say "My children, how are they?"