Kinin–kallikrein system

Clinical symptoms include marked weakness, tachycardia, fever, leukocytosis and acceleration of ESR.

[3] The researchers Emil Karl Frey, Heinrich Kraut and Eugen Werle discovered high-molecular weight kininogen in urine around 1930.

kallikrein [Gk ] kalli~ sweet and krein = kreos, flesh, named for the pancreatic extracts where it was first discovered[5][citation needed] The system consists of a number of large proteins, some small polypeptides and a group of enzymes that activate and deactivate the compounds.

This explains why some patients taking ACE inhibitors develop a dry cough, and some react with angioedema, a dangerous swelling of the head and neck region.

This includes their effects in arterial hypertension, in ventricular remodeling (after myocardial infarction) and possibly diabetic nephropathy.