Kiyozawa Manshi

Kiyozawa Manshi (清沢 満之, 1863–1903) was a Japanese Shin Buddhist reformer and priest of samurai background who studied at Tokyo University in Western philosophy under the American philosopher Ernest Fenollosa.

[3] Many Higashi Hongan-ji scholars trace their line of thought to Kiyozawa Manshi, including such men as Akegarasu Haya (1877-1954), Kaneko Daiei (1881-1976), Soga Ryōjin (1875-1971) and Maida Shuichi (1906-1967).

Kiyozawa was attracted by three works, the Agongyō which are scriptures of early Indian Buddhism, Discourses of the Greek Philosopher Epictetus, and the Tannishō by Yuien, a disciple of Shinran.

His efforts were taken up by later generations which resulted in Rennyo's letters being replaced by the Tannishō as the core Japanese language text for transmitting Shin thought.

Unlike the Mahāyāna sutras, these three works employ a dialogic style where specific problems are addressed, making them concrete.