[1] Chapters 1 (Vagueness in Logic), 8 (Logic in an Age of Science) and 9 (A Confused "Semiotic") were written by Bentley; Chapter 10 (Common Sense and Science) by Dewey, while the remainder were signed jointly.

The terminology problem in the fields of epistemology and logic is partially due, according to Dewey and Bentley,[2] to inefficient and imprecise use of words and concepts that reflect three historic levels of organization and presentation.

[3] In the order of chronological appearance, these are : A series of characterizations of Transactions indicate the wide range of considerations involved.

Generic people, and specific men and women, are known to be vulnerable to error.

Consequently, all knowledge (knowing and known) whether commonsensical or scientific; past, present, or future; is subject to further inquiry, examination, review, and revision.