Kolmogorov population model

are continuously differentiable functions describing the growth rates of the respective populations.

It also provides a predictive model for the qualitative behavior of predator-prey systems without requiring explicit functional forms for the interaction terms.

[5] The model's contributions to theoretical ecology were not immediately recognized, with significant appreciation only emerging in the 1960s through the work of American ecologists Michael Rosenzweig and Robert H. MacArthur.

Their research demonstrated how the model can be used to understand non-transitory oscillations in ecological systems and the conditions for local stability of predator-prey interactions.

[6] Recent research has shown that Kolmogorov systems can exhibit complex behaviors, including the existence of strange attractors and robust permanent subsystems, implying that even deterministic predator-prey interactions can lead to unpredictable long-term dynamics.