Konrad Johann Martin Langenbeck (5 December 1776 – 24 January 1851) was a German surgeon, ophthalmologist and anatomist who was a native of Horneburg.
In 1814 he was appointed full professor at Göttingen and general surgeon of the Hannoverian Army.
For nearly fifty years he taught classes at the University of Göttingen, and among his better known students were surgeon Louis Stromeyer (1804–1876) and his nephew Bernhard von Langenbeck (1810–1887).
He was considered one of the better surgeons during the first half of the 19th century, known for his speed and precision involving amputations.
After his death, he was succeeded by Friedrich Gustav Jacob Henle (1809–1885) as chair of anatomy at Göttingen.