Korean Independence Army

However, due to difficulties in supplying his weapons and logistics, in the winter of 1919, he went under the Gando National Association which had great influence in the Korean community in north Jiandao and received financial support.

They called for legitimacy of the independence army's armed struggle, and was widely publicized by issuing a statement of death and a warning, while also prohibiting other small organizations from collecting various nominal donations in the base area.

[4] The independence army then moved their base from Antuhyun to Fengwudong, Wang Qinghyun, China and received financial support from the Gando National Association for a larger domestic resistance operation.

Around 200 old righteous soldiers and old farmers and laborers from Jiandao, centering on Hong beom-do, purchased weapons from various places to train the independence army.

In early September 1919, Gu Chun-seon led the Gando National Association to provide financial and human support.

Afterwards, soldiers continued to be conscripted and recruited, the size of the unit grew, and the system and equipment were improved to a significant level.

The army also showed force by giving a stern warning to Korean police assistants and other secret agents operating in the area.

[5][6] The Korean Northern Army Command orchestrated many of the subsequent activities, specifically being in charge of administration, politics, and finances.

This was an overwhelming victory to the extent that the Provisional Government Ministry of Military Affairs declared this battle as ‘the first round of the War of Independence’.

In fear of retaliation from the Japanese Empire, 600 members of the Korean Independence Army moved to Noryeong and then to Milsan (密山) in Heilongjiang Province.

The Northern Road Military Office was originally located in the mountainous area of West Daeba District, Wangqing County, Jilin Province, but when the Chinese government, unable to withstand pressure from Japan, forced it to leave, it was moved to Cheongsanri.

Around October 16, the combined forces of Hong Beom-do and Anmu moved north again and marched to Eorangchon, where they were strengthening military training every day while preparing for an encounter with the Japanese army.

[2][3] After being severely defeated in the Battle of Cheongsanri, the Japanese army in retaliation devastated Korean communities, anti-Japanese organizations, schools, and churches, which is called the Gando Massacre or Gyeongshin Disaster.

At this time, Korean armed units from various parts of the Maritime Province and the Gando Independence Army were gathering in the Free City area.

This is because it was thought that the anti-Japanese war could be carried out effectively by integrating the Korean units scattered in various places and receiving support from the Bolshevik government.

[2][3] On June 28, the leadership of the Korean Revolutionary Military Government Council decided to disarm the Sakhalin Volunteer Army, which was in a stubborn standoff.

After the Jayu City Incident, many restrictions were imposed on the activities of the Korean armed forces due to the strong control of the Russian Communist Party, and a large number of the leadership left, including General Hong Beom-do, who moved to Kazakhstan in September 1937 in accordance with Stalin's policy of forced migration of Koreans.

Hong Beom-do in 1921