[2] He joined the proletarian literature movement and began translating Marxist theories from Russian to Japanese.

In 1928 Kurahara spearheaded the movement to merge many of the organizations into one: the Zen Nihon Musansha Geijutsu Renmei [ja].

[2] Kurahara debated Marxist theory frequently, following in the footsteps of Hatsunosuke Hirabayashi [ja] and Suekichi Aono.

[1] When he returned to Japan, Kurahara continued writing and formed the Nihon Puroretaria Bunka Renmei [ja], which was meant to reform society and create art groups in factories.

However, in 1932 Kurahara was arrested by the police for violating the Peace Preservation Law and the movement collapsed in 1934.