With the industrial city of Biratnagar as its capital, the province includes major eastern towns of Birtamod, Sundar Haraincha, Damak, Dharan, Itahari, Triyuga Municipality and Mechinagar, and the Mount Everest, Kangchenjunga and Ama Dablam.

[10][11][12] According to the 2021 Nepal census, there are around five million people in the province, with a population density of 190 per square kilometre.

It is mentioned in the Bal Kand section of Valmiki's Ramayana as the Kausiki who is the form assumed by Satyavati after her death.

Due to the violent nature of the Kosi in monsoon season, legend says that Parvati, the wife of Shiva, after defeating the demon Durg, became known as the warrior goddess Durga who transformed into Kaushiki.

[16] According to Mahabharata epic, the God of death took the form of a woman and resides on the banks of the river to limit population growth.

[16] When King Mung Mawrong Hang came to prominence in the Terai lands of Limbuwan, he cleared much of the forest area in present-day Rangeli, east of Biratnagar, and built a town there.

At the cabinet meeting held on 17 January 2018, the city of Biratnagar was declared the interim capital of Province No.

On 6 May 2019, it was declared the permanent capital by a vote of two-thirds of the provincial Member of legislative assembly.

[14] The province has three-fold geographical division: Himalayan in the north, Hilly in the middle and Terai in the southern part of Nepal, varying between an altitude of 70 m and 8,848 m. Terai, extended from east to west, is made up of alluvial soil.

[25] Nepal's lowest point, Kechana Kawal at 70 m, is located in Jhapa District of this province.

[26] Koshi Pradesh also includes the snow fall capped peaks including Mount Everest, Kangchenjunga, Makalu with Solukhumbu, Sankhuwasabha, and Taplejung districts towards the north, the jungle clad hill tracts of Okhaldhunga, Khotang, Bhojpur, Tehrathum, Ilam and Panchthar in the middle and the alluvial fertile plains of Udayapur, Sunsari, Morang and Jhapa.

[27] Climatic conditions of Nepal vary from one place to another in accordance with their geographical features.

Koshi Pradesh has three geographical folds: the lowland of Terai, the hilly region, and the Himalayas' highlands.

The province is made up of the 14 following districts: Cities and villages are governed by municipalities in Nepal.

The government of Nepal has set out minimum criteria to meet city and towns.

[31] In a meeting on 17 January 2018, the Government of Nepal finalized the temporary capital of Province No.

1, which was renamed as Koshi Province in Falgun 17 2079 and appointed Govinda Subba as the governor.

[32] Sher Dhan Rai was elected as first Chief Minister of Koshi Province on 14 February 2018.

There are various power stations in Koshi province: The first meeting of the provincial assembly was held on 5 February 2018 in Biratnagar and was chaired by Om Prakash Sarbagi.

[34] Pradeep Kumar Bhandari was elected unopposed as the Speaker of the Provincial Assembly on 11 February 2018.

Elevation from the lowest point of Nepal, Kechana (70 m above sea level) to the highest point of world, Everest (8848 m above sea level) lies in this province, so maintaining a consistent road network is challenging, but all districts are connected by road networks.

There are numerous stadium in Koshi are: Major football cups includes Total population of the province according to 2021 Nepal census is 4,961,412 comprising 2,544,084 women (51.3%).

The Janajati groups are the Rai (10.21%), Limbu (8.01%), Tamang (4.62%), Magar (4.13%), Newar (3.68%), Sherpa (1.40%) and Gurung (1.36%).

Some Terai groups include Tharu (4.10%), Musalman (3.55%), Rajbanshi (2.47%), Musahar (1.35%), Yadav (1.30%) and Santal (1.11%).

Bahun constituted 11.6% of the population, Rai 10.2%, Limbu 7.8%, Tamang 4.6%, Tharu 4.2%, Muslims 4.1%, Magar 4.0% and Newar 3.6%.

[46] Nepali language is lingua franca of the province and is the mother tongue of 45.27% of the population.

6.70% of the population spoke Limbu, 4.40% Tharu, 3.54% Tamang, 2.88% Magar Dhut, 2.70% Bantawa, 2.58% Rajbanshi, 2.32% Urdu, 1.85% Rai, 1.67% Chamling, 1.32% Sherpa, 1.26% Nepal Bhasha and 1.08% Santali.

The commission has also recommended Tharu, Tamang, Magar, Bantawa, Urdu, Rajbanshi, Nepal Bhasa, Chamling, Sherpa and Santhali to be additional official languages, for specific regions and purposes in the province.

[7] Koshi is very well renowned for its educational facilities; 71.22% of the population of the province can read and write.