Kouffo borders the country of Togo and the departments of Mono, Zou and Atlantique.

[2][3] Couffo river plateaus contains quaternary, tertiary and cretaceous sediments formed with a crystalline basement complex.

The layers of sediments have clay-like soil and accumulated iron oxide beneath them.

[5] Aplahoué is the departmental capital; other major settlements include Djakotomey, Dogbo-Tota, Klouékanmè, Lalo and Toviklin.

[6] The main ethnolinguistic groups in the department are the Fon, Aja, Mina, Kotafon, Ayizo, and Saxwe.

[9] Kouffo is subdivided into six communes, each centered at one of the principal towns: Aplahoué, Djakotomey, Klouékanmè, Lalo, Toviklin and Dogbo-Tota.

A law passed in 1999 transformed the sous-prefectures, the lowest level of territorial administration, into local governments.

[10] Municipalities and communal councils have elected representatives who manage the administration of the regions.