The 2K25 Krasnopol[12][13][14] is a Soviet 152/155 mm cannon-launched, fin-stabilized, base bleed-assisted, semi-automatic laser-guided artillery weapon system.
It automatically 'homes' on a point illuminated by a laser designator, typically operated by a drone or ground-based artillery observer.
The weapon system was developed in the Tula-based KBP Instrument Design Bureau under the supervision of A. G. Shipunov [ru].
In February 1986 the Krasnopol system was adopted by the Soviet Army under the designation 3OF39, and began mass production in Izhmash and Izhmeh factories.
On July 28, 2022, Russian news agency TASS reported that Kalashnikov Group is working on an modernization of Krasnopol with increased range, better at striking small-size targets, enhanced warhead and raised efficiency during clouds and strong wind.
Krasnopol system can also fire a salvo from multiple artillery pieces on one target using a single laser designator.
India originally purchased a number of Krasnopol systems from Russia at a price of $40,000 a piece, and used them in the 1999 Kargil War.
During the war, Krasnopol was used to strike bunkers where the army wanted to avoid avalanches and hitting surrounding pathways and their use was important for encouraging the development of the M982 Excalibur System from the United States.
[24] In December 2006, the Indian Express reported that India's Russian Krasnopol 155 mm laser-guided shells have exhibited defective performance during Army test-firing in the Mahajan ranges in Rajasthan in 2004 and 2005.
[26] In a June 2009 report the Comptroller and Auditor General of India said, "Krasnopol proved to be a complete dud during testing at high altitudes, as it was woefully short on both range and accuracy.
[28] The age of some of the stockpile has also been cited as a source of the problem "The Indian army attributed these problems to age related decline in the ammunition and a newer batch was ordered in 2002, "The performance of the first lot of quantity 1000 rounds of projectiles procured in 1999 has deteriorated over the years, recently during test firing by the Army, it was observed that the performance was not up to the mark".
"Krasnopol projectile was developed for use at heights of up to 3000 m...the highest range in the Northern Caucauses at a height of 2500 m." The Indian army tested the round at 4500 m. "Two Krasnopol projectiles fired at the range appeared to be short of the homing head lock on zone due to incorrect firing tables."
"[30] Since 2019 India uses the M982 Excalibur 155 mm extended range guided artillery shell developed by the US Army, in addition to the Krasnopol.
[32] Krasnopol has been widely used by Russian forces since the beginning of the invasion of Ukraine; its compatibility with various Russian artillery systems such as D-20 and 2A65 Msta-B towed howitzers, and self-propelled 2S3 Akatsiya, 2S19 Msta-S and 2S35 Koalitsiya-SV howitzers make it a common sight on all fronts and more popular than the smaller Kitolov-2M 120 mm - 122 mm guided munition system.