Krener's theorem

In mathematics, Krener's theorem is a result attributed to Arthur J. Krener in geometric control theory about the topological properties of attainable sets of finite-dimensional control systems.

It states that any attainable set of a bracket-generating system has nonempty interior or, equivalently, that any attainable set has nonempty interior in the topology of the corresponding orbit.

Heuristically, Krener's theorem prohibits attainable sets from being hairy.

be a smooth control system, where

belongs to a finite-dimensional manifold

belongs to a control set

Consider the family of vector fields

be the Lie algebra generated by

with respect to the Lie bracket of vector fields.

, if the vector space

belongs to the closure of the interior of the attainable set from

, the attainable set from

has nonempty interior in the orbit topology, as it follows from Krener's theorem applied to the control system restricted to the orbit through

When all the vector fields in

belongs to the closure of the interior of the attainable set from

This is a consequence of Krener's theorem and of the orbit theorem.

As a corollary of Krener's theorem one can prove that if the system is bracket-generating and if the attainable set from

, then the attainable set from