The House of Kropotkin (Russian: Князья Кропоткины, romanized: Knyaz'ya Kropotkiny) is an ancient Russian noble family of Rurik stock descending from Prince Dmitry Vasilyevich nicknamed Kropotka, a nephew of the last Grand Duke of Smolensk, Yuri Svyatoslavich.

[1] Princes Kropotkin are listed in the 5th part (titled nobility) of the Kazan, Kaluga, Mogilyov, Moscow, Ryazan, Saint-Petersburg and Tula genealogical books and 2nd part (military nobility) of the Moscow genealogical book.

In 1496 Prince Ivan Dmitrievich Kropotkin (d. 1502) received the village of Jelowiczi in Lutsk Powiat, but around the beginning of the 16th century he turned to the Muscovite side and died in the Russo-Lithuanian war of 1500 — 1503.

The son of Prince Ivan Dmitrievich Kropotkin, Vasily Kropotka-Jełowicki (d. circa 1542), was the founder of the Lithuanian branch.

The family was included in Ivan the Terrible's Book of One Thousand of 1550 listing 1000 best vassals from provincial nobility.