During his second semester, he attended Immanuel Kant's metaphysics lectures, followed by theology, logic, anthropology and moral philosophy, and physics.
Mrongovius was known for preserving and teaching Polish cultural heritage and language in Danzig to people from the territories affected by the Partitions of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.
He was honoured with a medal and membership of Historical-Literary Society in Paris (1852), as well as the Prussian Order of the Red Eagle, 4th class (1843).
Mrongovius is also important as the primary source of seven sets of notes on Immanuel Kant's lectures in anthropology, metaphysics, theology, physics, logic, and two on moral philosophy.
His extensive book collection, numbering over 1000 titles and including many rare manuscripts, is now kept in the Polish Academy of Science's library in Gdańsk.