In October 1950, the Soviet Council of Ministers approved a resolution for constructing an oil refinery near the city of Nizhny Novgorod.

[2] In the 1990s, following the dissolution of the Soviet Union, a private company was created to regulate the plant, called "Nizhegorodnefteorgsintez" (Russian: Нижегороднефтеоргсинтез).

The production output in 1997 was at 12.3 million tons, and exported as far west as Hungary and east as Tatarstan.

[6] In 2022, the company made an investment worth 100 billion rubles to create a new complex for processing oil residue, which is expected to improve[quantify] production.

[7] During 2024, the third year following the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, Ukrainian forces began a series of drone and missile attacks on military and oil production targets deep in Russian territory, attacks that were not attempted during the first nine years of the Russo-Ukrainian War.