Kuckles (Broome kriol for cockles[1]) formed in 1981 after a group of students from Broome, Western Australia moved to Adelaide, South Australia to study at the Centre for Aboriginal Studies in Music (CASM).
[4] They recorded an audition tape, Milliya Rumarra, which won them a trip to Germany to the Third Annual International Cologne Song Festival in 1982.
[2] Kuckles contributed to Chi's musicals Bran Nue Dae and Corrugation Road.
[3] Chi and Manolis later were part of a new band called Bingurr, which means "moonlight" in Bardi.
[3] The Deadly Awards were an annual celebration of Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander achievement in music, sport, entertainment and community.