In June 2023 at the Meeting de Paris of the Diamond League, he broke the world record for the men's 3,000 metres steeplechase.

The same year, he set an Ethiopian national record in his specialist event during the World Athletics Championships in Doha with a time of 8:01.36.

He finished second behind Olympic and world champion from Kenya Conseslus Kipruto who ran 8:01.35; Morocco's Soufiane El Bakkali came in third in 8:03.76.

[5] A few months later in July, at the World Championships held in Eugene, Oregon, Girma had to settle for silver once again in his signature event, finishing behind El Bakkali who ran 8:25.13 and ahead of Kipruto in third in 8:27.92.

[6] On 15 February 2023, he smashed the 25-year-old world indoor 3,000 m record at the 2023 Meeting Hauts-de-France Pas-de-Calais in Liévin with a time of 7:23.81, slicing 1.09 seconds off the previous mark held by Daniel Komen since 1998.

[11] At the 2024 Paris Olympics, on 7 August, Girma was among the favorites to win gold in the 3000 m steeplechase final, along with Moroccan Soufiane El Bakkali.

Following the 2019 World Athletics Championships, Girma moved to Addis Ababa and had to learn Amharic for the first time, only having known Oromo language up to this point.