The aims of the academy are to carry out research in natural, engineering, and social sciences, to train scientists in all fields of knowledge, to advise the government in matters of scientific policy, and to disseminate knowledge.

Academician Kanat Abdrakhmatov was elected to a position as the new president of the Academy on 28 November 2022.

It included institutes of geology, biology, chemistry, language, and history.

An increasing potential of the branch resulted in establishing the Academy of Sciences of Kyrgyz SSR by a decree of the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union on August 17, 1954.

Among 8 research units of the academy were institutes of: chemistry, geology, botanic, water management and energy, history, zoology and parasitology, language and literature, and medicine.