[3] With the German Army and other Axis forces, the type saw service in the invasions of Poland, France and the USSR.

38(t) continued to be produced for the Marder III (1942–1944) with some of its components used in the later Jagdpanzer 38 (1944–1945) tank destroyer and its derivative vehicles.

The (t) stands for tschechisch, the German word for Czech; the Czechoslovak military designation was LT vz.

[4] The two-man turret was centrally located, and housed the tank's main armament, a 37 mm Skoda A7 gun with 90 rounds of ammunition.

[3] The driver could also fire the hull machine gun with a trigger fitted on the left tiller bar.

[3] In German service, a loader position was added to the turret by reducing the ammunition capacity by 18 rounds.

ČKD decided to use a leaf-spring suspension with four large wheels for their new tank with an export success under the name "TNH".

[3] With small variations for each customer, 50 were exported to Iran (TNHP), 24 each to Peru (LTP) and Switzerland (LTH).

[3] The British Royal Armoured Corps (RAC) had one trial model delivered on 23 March 1939 to Gunnery School at Lulworth.

A report stated that "the (bow) gunner could not sit back comfortably as the wireless set was in the way of his left shoulder".

[4] In the fall of 1937, the Czechoslovak Armed Forces launched a contest for a new medium tank; Škoda, ČKD and Tatra competed.

On 1 July 1938, Czechoslovakia ordered 150 of the TNHPS model, although none had entered service by the time of the German occupation (March 1939).

[3] The relatively small turret of the Panzer 38(t) could not accommodate a cannon powerful enough to defeat more heavily armoured tanks such as the T-34, so production of the Pz.

38(t) were also sold to a number of other Axis nations, including Hungary (102), Slovakia (69), Romania (50), and Bulgaria (10, known as Praga).

In one documented case, a regiment was supplied with tanks driven straight from the factory in 2.5 days instead of the anticipated week, without any mechanical breakdowns.

The Marder was replaced by the Jagdpanzer 38(t) (Hetzer), based on a modified Panzer 38(t) chassis, of which approximately 2,800 were produced.

[4] The Aufklärungspanzer 38(t) (designation Sd.Kfz.140/1) was a reconnaissance vehicle based on a 38(t) tank fitted with a Hängelafette open-topped turret with mesh covers (20 mm KwK 38 L/55 gun and a coaxial MG 42 – adapted from the Sd.Kfz.

222 armoured car); a support version armed with a 75 mm KwK 37 L/24 (and MG 42) gun mounted in the modified superstructure was also designed.

S built for Sweden to be delivered in March 1940 were confiscated with the invasion of Czechoslovakia, negotiations with Böhmisch-Mährische-Maschinenfabrik for the blue-prints needed for license production commenced and an agreement was reached at the end of 1940, which included the upgrades for the TNHP-S.

Due to the larger size, the hull had to be made 65 mm longer causing a wider gap between the second and third roadwheel.

At the end of the 1950s, 220 SI & SII were converted to Pansarbandvagn 301 armoured personnel carriers and the turrets[10] used for airbase defences.

[3] The German tank commander Otto Carius, who was credited with over 150 'kills', described an action in a 38(t) on 8 July 1941: It happened like greased lightning.

We cursed the brittle and inelastic Czech steel that gave the Russian 47 mm anti-tank gun so little trouble.

To neutralize the T-34, the Germans mounted a captured Soviet 76.2 mm gun on the chassis of the 38(t) model as a stop-gap measure and called it the Marder III.

Iranian TNHs were assigned to the 1st and 2nd Divisions and the Imperial Guards but were overwhelmed by the 1000 tanks used by the Soviet Army in the Anglo-Soviet invasion in August 1941.

[18] This small armoured force of two tank companies was complemented by truck-mounted infantry and artillery pulled by tractors (the Czech ČKD).

Peruvian doctrine was influenced by the French military mission operating in Peru at the time, and emphasized the use of tanks to support infantry attacks rather than in independent mobile columns (as in the German Blitzkrieg).

The Peruvian tank battalion played an important role in the 1941 Ecuadorian–Peruvian War, spearheading the attack across the Zarumilla River and at Arenillas.

[25][14] All strv m/41 SI were sent to P 3 in Strängnäs, who were the only regiment who painted the road-wheels in the same camouflage pattern as the hull against regulations prescribing field-grey to be used.