La Chaux-du-Milieu is first mentioned in 1310 as calvum de Escoblon.

[3] La Chaux-du-Milieu has an area, as of 2009[update], of 17.3 square kilometers (6.7 sq mi).

The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is Argent, issuant from base Vert three Pine trees of the same, and in chief a Crow volant Sable.

[9] Most of the population (as of 2000[update]) speaks French (389 or 97.7%) as their first language, German is the second most common (4 or 1.0%) and Serbo-Croatian is the third (2 or 0.5%).

[9] The historical population is given in the following chart:[3][13] The Farm House Du Grand Cachot is listed as a Swiss heritage site of national significance.

[14] In the 2007 federal election the most popular party was the SP which received 23.25% of the vote.

In the federal election, a total of 182 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 56.5%.

[9] There were 203 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 42.9% of the workforce.

The number of jobs in the primary sector was 57, of which 48 were in agriculture and 9 were in forestry or lumber production.

In the tertiary sector; 3 or 14.3% were in wholesale or retail sales or the repair of motor vehicles, 3 or 14.3% were in the movement and storage of goods, 5 or 23.8% were in a hotel or restaurant, 4 or 19.0% were in the information industry, 3 or 14.3% were technical professionals or scientists, 3 or 14.3% were in education and 1 was in health care.

[9] From the 2000 census[update], 93 or 23.4% were Roman Catholic, while 229 or 57.5% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church.

[18] During the 2010-11 school year, there was one kindergarten class with a total of 18 students in La Chaux-du-Milieu.