[3] The first traces of human habitation near Le Landeron were the remains of a pottery workshop (961-957 BC) discovered on the banks of the Thielle.

[3] The name Le Landeron appears for the first time around 1209, as a place name mentioned in the fishing rights of the neighboring Benedictine monastery of St. Johannsen in Erlach.

On 1 September 1325, Rudolph IV of Neuchâtel bought the Le Landeron meadow in the Thielle valley.

The town was founded to protect the eastern part of the county of Neuchâtel and to control the streets and waterways of the Jura foothills.

In 1373, the new mistress of the town, Varenne of Neuchâtel, granted it some additional rights and it became the capital of the Barony of Le Landeron.

[3] In 1449 Le Landeron entered into a treaty with Solothurn that was to shape the religious affairs of the town.

During the Protestant Reformation, the town's rulers were supported by Solothurn when they chose to remain by the old faith.

After the extinction of her line in 1707, Le Landeron submitted to Frederick I, King of Prussia after he threatened military force.

[3] After the founding of the Republic of Neuchâtel in 1848, the towns of Le Landeron and Cressier began to separate.

The Jura water correction drained the surrounding swamps and opened up much of the valley to agriculture.

While the old town has preserved its compact and fortified appearance, many new homes were built on the Jura slopes.

Every year since 1973 one of the largest antiques markets in Switzerland (Fête de la brocante) is held in Le Landeron.

In 1991 one of the five secondary school regional centers of the Canton of Neuchâtel (Les Deux-Thielle) was opened in town.

At the beginning of the 21st century it is a residential community with numerous, especially in the microtechnology industry, specialized small businesses and possessed the second-largest wine growing region in the canton.

[5] It is on a rocky moraine island in the middle of the swampy Thielle valley near Lake Biel.

The largely French-speaking town lies at Switzerland's language border with the German-speaking canton of Bern.

[6] The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is Per fess, Or on a pale Gules three Chevrons Argent, and Azure two Pike nainaint proper.

[10] The historical population is given in the following chart:[3][14] The Chapelle Ste-Anne, the Croix du Bourg, the neolithic and Roman era sites at the Ensemble de la Vieille Thielle, the Fountain de St-Maurice, the Fountain du Vaillant and the Town Hall with the Dix-Mille-Martyrs Chapel and Museum are listed as Swiss heritage site of national significance.

The entire town of Le Landeron is part of the Inventory of Swiss Heritage Sites.

In the tertiary sector; 151 or 33.7% were in wholesale or retail sales or the repair of motor vehicles, 7 or 1.6% were in the movement and storage of goods, 49 or 10.9% were in a hotel or restaurant, 4 or 0.9% were in the information industry, 16 or 3.6% were the insurance or financial industry, 41 or 9.2% were technical professionals or scientists, 66 or 14.7% were in education and 54 or 12.1% were in health care.