The portrait depicts a woman who is pregnant sitting with her left hand resting on her stomach.

The work is mentioned for the first time in an early 18th-century inventory of Palazzo Pitti, as from an unknown artist.

In 1813 it was transferred to the Grand Ducal wardrobe of the Uffizi, before returning again to Palazzo Pitti where it should replace several works robbed by the French.

It was first ascribed to Raphael in 1839: it is now nearly unanimously considered by the Umbrian painter, with the exception of Italian 19th century art historian Giovanni Battista Cavalcaselle, who assigned it to Ridolfo del Ghirlandaio.

She could be a member of the Bufalini family of Città di Castello, or Emilia Pia da Montefeltro, due to similarities with the Portrait of Emilia Pia da Montefeltro, now at Baltimore Museum of Art in the United States.