Born in Mansfield in the Province of Massachusetts Bay, Wheaton attended Wrentham Academy.

Wheaton was admitted to the bar in 1788 and commenced practice in Milton, Massachusetts.

Wheaton served as member of the Massachusetts House of Representatives in 1803–1808, and again in 1825.

Wheaton died in Norton, Massachusetts, on March 23, 1846, at the age of 92.

This article incorporates public domain material from the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress