The land (economically speaking this also includes water) in its original state in which it supplies man with necessaries or means of subsistence ready to hand is available without any effort on his part as the universal material for human labour.
As a consequence of humans wanting to improve their material condition, a surplus is generated in the labour processes; that is, an enhancement of the value between inputs and outputs.
[3] The labour process theory critiques scientific management as authored by Frederick Winslow Taylor in the early 1900s and uses central concepts developed by Harry Braverman in the 1970s.
Recent attempts have been made to use labor process theory to explain workers' bargaining power under contemporary global capitalism.
The labour process theory has developed into a broader set of interventions and texts linked to critiquing new forms of management strategy of an exploitative nature.